At Simmons, we make a point of making your home buying experience easy and stress-free. One of the tools we use to accomplish this, is by keeping you armed with all information upfront. We want to ensure that you understand, and feel comfortable with, each and every step of the process. When beginning to search for homes, it is important to understand the associated terminology. Below is glossary of some of the most commonly used terms in the home buying and homebuilding world:
Adjustable Rate Mortgage (ARM). A loan whose interest rate is adjusted according to movements in the financial market.
Amortization. A payment plan by which a borrower reduces a debt gradually through monthly payments of principal and interest.
Annual Percentage Rate (APR). The annual cost off credit over the life of a loan, including interest, service charges, points, loan fees, mortgage insurance, and other items.
Appraisal. An evaluation to determine what a piece of property would sell for in the marketplace.
Appreciation. The increase in the value of a property.
Assessment. A tax levied on a property or a value placed on the worth of property by a taxing authority.
Binder. A receipt for a deposit paid to secure the right to purchase a home at terms agreed upon by the buyer and seller.
Cap. A limit to the amount an interest rate or a monthly payment can increase for an adjustable rate loan either during an adjustment period or over the life of the loan.
Certificate of Occupancy. A document from an official agency stating that the property meets the requirements of local codes, ordinances, and regulations.
Closing. A meeting to sign documents which transfer property from a seller to a buyer. (Also called settlement)
Closing Costs. Charges paid at settlement for obtaining a mortgage loan and transferring real estate title.
Conditions, Covenants, and Restrictions (CC and Rs). The standards that define how a property may be used and the protections the developer has made for the benefit of all owners in a subdivision.
Conventional Loan. A mortgage loan not insured by a government agency (such as FHA or VA).
Credit Rating. A report ordered by a lender from a credit bureau to determine if the borrower is a good credit risk.
Density. The number of homes built on a particular acre of land. Allowable densities are usually determined by local jurisdictions.
Downpayment. The difference between the sales price and the mortgage amount on a home. The downpayment is usually paid at closing.
Earnest Money. A sum paid to the seller to show that a potential purchaser is serious about buying.
Easement. Right-of-way granted to a person or company authorizing access to the owner’s land; for example, a utility company may be grated an easement to install pipes or wires. An owner may voluntarily grant an easement, or in some cases, be compelled to grant one by a local jurisdiction.
Equity. The difference between the value of a home and what is owed on it.
Escrow. The handling of funds or documents by a third party on behalf of the buyer and/or seller.
Federal Housing Administration (FHA). A federal agency which insures mortgages that have lower downpayment requirements than conventional loans.
Fixed Rate Mortgage. A mortgage whose interest rate remains constant over the life of the loan. The payments are not necessarily level. (See Graduated Payment Mortgage and Growing Equity Mortgage).
Fixed Schedule Mortgage. A mortgage whose payment schedule for the life of the loan is established at closing. The payments and interest rate are not necessarily level.
Hazard Insurance. Protection against damage caused by fire, windstorm, or other common hazards. Many lenders require borrowers to carry it in an amount at least equal to the mortgage.
Index. The interest rate or adjustment standard which determines the changes in monthly payments for an adjustable rate loan.
Infrastructure. The public facilities and services needed to support residential development, including highways, bridges, schools, and sewer and water systems
Interest. The cost paid to a lender for the use of borrowed money.
Mortgage Commitment. A formal written communication by a lender, agreeing to make a mortgage loan on a specific property, specifying the loan amount, length of time and conditions.
Mortgage Company (Mortgage Banker). A company that borrows money from a bank, lends it to consumers who want to buy homes, then sells the loans to investors.
Mortgagee. The lender who makes a mortgage loan.
Mortgage Loan. A contract in which the borrower’s property is pledged a s collateral and which can be repaid in installments over a long period. The mortgagor (buyer) promises to repay principal and interest, to keep the home insured, to pay all taxes, and to keep the property in good condition.
Mortgage Origination Fee. A charge by a lender for the work involved in preparing and servicing a mortgage application (usually 1 percent of the loan amount).
Note. A formal document showing the existence of a debt and stating the terms of repayment.
PITI. Principal, interest, taxes, and insurance (the 4 major components of monthly housing payments).
Point. A charge of 1 percent of the mortgage amount. Points are a one-time charge assessed by the lender at closing to increase the interest yield on a mortgage loan.
Principal. The amount borrowed in a loan, excluding interest and other charges.
Recording Fee. A charge for recording the transfer of a property, paid to a city, county, or other appropriate branch of government.
R-Value. The resistance of insulation material (including windows) to heat passing through it. The higher the number, the greater the insulating value.
Sales Contract. A contract between a buyer and seller which should explain, in detail, exactly what the purchase includes, what guarantees there are, when the buyer can move in, what the closing costs are, and what recourse the parties have if the contract is not fulfilled or if the buyer cannot get a mortgage commitment at the agreed-upon terms.
Settlement. (See Closing).
Shared Appreciation Mortgage. A loan in which partners agree to share specified portions of the downpayment, monthly payment, and appreciation.
Title. Evidence (usually in the form of a certificate or deed) of a person’s legal right to ownership of a property.
Walk-Through. A final inspection of a home before settlement to search for problems that need to be corrected before ownership changes hands.
Warranty. A promise, either written or implied, that the material and workmanship of a product is defect-free or will meet a specified level of performance over a specified period of time. Written warranties on new homes are either backed by insurance companies or by the builders themselves.